The Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is a marine corridor renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity. Encompassing the waters, coasts, and islands off Central and South America—including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Galápagos Islands, Cocos Island, Malpelo Island, and Coiba National Park—this region is a vital habitat for numerous marine species. However, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing poses a significant threat to its ecological balance.

The ETP’s rich biodiversity is largely attributed to the Humboldt Current, which brings nutrient-rich, cooler waters to the surface, fostering abundant marine life. Remarkably, this area accounts for about 10% of the world’s fish catch, despite covering less than a thousandth of the ocean’s surface.

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is one of the most significant threats to the Eastern Tropical Pacific’s (ETP) fragile marine ecosystems. The region’s abundant biodiversity and economic importance make it a target for unscrupulous operators exploiting its resources without regard for environmental sustainability or legal frameworks.

Devastation of Keystone Species

IUU fishing has led to alarming declines in populations of keystone species such as sharks, groupers, and snappers. Sharks, often targeted for their fins, play a crucial role as apex predators, maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems. Similarly, groupers and snappers are essential for coral reef health, controlling populations of smaller fish and preventing algal overgrowth. The depletion of these species disrupts the delicate balance of the food chain, with cascading effects that threaten the entire ecosystem.

Bycatch

Bycatch—the incidental capture of non-target species—is another devastating consequence of IUU fishing. Turtles, seabirds, dolphins, and juvenile fish are often caught in fishing gear meant for other species. These unintended victims frequently die before being discarded, further eroding biodiversity and population stability.

Destruction of Marine Habitats

Many IUU fishing methods, such as bottom trawling and the use of drift nets, cause severe physical damage to marine habitats. Coral reefs, seagrass beds, and underwater topographies that serve as spawning grounds and nurseries for countless species are destroyed. This habitat degradation further compounds the challenges of species recovery and ecosystem restoration.

Transboundary Challenges

The migratory nature of many ETP species, such as sea turtles, whales, and certain fish stocks, means that the effects of IUU fishing are not confined to one nation’s waters. The lack of consistent enforcement across international borders allows illegal operators to exploit gaps in monitoring and evade accountability.

In response to these challenges, Sea Shepherd launched Operation Treasured Islands, a long-term campaign dedicated to combating IUU fishing in the ETP. Utilizing advanced satellite technology in partnership with environmental watchdog SkyTruth, Sea Shepherd monitors vast oceanic areas to detect and report illicit fishing activities.

The Eastern Tropical Pacific’s ecological wealth is invaluable, yet it faces significant threats from human activities. Sea Shepherd’s Operation Treasured Islands exemplifies proactive conservation efforts aimed at preserving this marine treasure for future generations.

To learn more about our mission and how you can get involved visit us HERE.